VERA Scan combines multiple forensic techniques: Sightengine, Hive AI, ELA, Noise Analysis, HSV Saturation, Skin Smoothness, and Color Cast detection. Results are probabilistic — no analysis is 100% accurate.

Some images may be over-classified as edited:

• Screenshots from iPad / iPhone (P3 color profile, auto-vibrancy)
• Photos with vibrant factory profiles (Samsung Vivid, etc.)
• HDR captures or extreme lighting (sunset, neon, fluorescent)
• Re-compressed images from social media (Instagram, TikTok)
• Old, scanned or B&W photos
• Professional compositing or high-end editorial retouching (may show structural signals)
• Analog or vintage film photos — grain patterns may trigger filter detection
• Low resolution or heavily compressed images — results may not be reliable

VERA is calibrated to detect subtle filters and structural retouching commonly used in modern photo editing.

A score below 85% does not necessarily mean fraud — it means VERA detected signals consistent with editing or retouching. Always combine VERA's analysis with your own visual judgment and contextual reasoning.